How to Start Tomato Farming in Kenya and Make a Profit

Tomato farming in Kenya has grown significantly over the years due to the crop’s high demand in local and export markets. Tomatoes are a vital ingredient in most Kenyan dishes, making them a staple in households, hotels, schools, and institutions. Whether grown in open fields or greenhouses, tomatoes are a profitable crop when done right.

In this detailed guide, we will explore everything you need to know about tomato farming in Kenya, including suitable varieties, climatic requirements, land preparation, planting, crop management, pest and disease control, harvesting, and marketing strategies.

Why Tomato Farming in Kenya is a Lucrative Agribusiness

Tomato farming in Kenya is attractive for several reasons:

• High Demand: Tomatoes are consumed daily across the country.
• Short Maturity Period: Most varieties mature in 2–3 months.
• Multiple Growing Seasons: Tomatoes can be grown throughout the year with proper irrigation.
• Good Market Prices: Prices fluctuate but often favor farmers during off-seasons.
• Export Opportunities: Kenya exports tomatoes to neighboring countries and beyond.

Ideal Conditions for Tomato Farming in Kenya

For successful tomato farming in Kenya, it is crucial to consider the following environmental and soil conditions:

• Altitude: Tomatoes grow well in altitudes between 0–2000 meters above sea level.
• Temperature: Optimum temperatures range from 20°C to 27°C.
• Rainfall: 600mm to 1200mm annually is ideal, but excess rain can cause diseases.
• Soil Requirements:
  • Well-drained loamy soil
  • pH range: 5.5 to 7.0
  • Rich in organic matter

Choosing the Best Tomato Varieties in Kenya

Selecting the right variety is a critical step in tomato farming in Kenya. Some popular and high-yielding varieties include:

1. Rio Grande

• Open-pollinated
• Suitable for processing and fresh market
• Resistant to several diseases

2. Anna F1

• High-yielding hybrid
• Tolerates bacterial wilt
• Great for greenhouse and open field

3. Tylka F1

• Popular for large fruits
• Very productive
• Suitable for long-distance transport

4. Kilele F1

• High disease resistance
• Great for humid climates
• Long shelf life

Land Preparation for Tomato Farming

Proper land preparation ensures good seedbed conditions and healthy root development. Here’s how to prepare your land:

1. Clearing and Ploughing

• Clear all weeds and previous crop residue.
• Plough deeply to improve aeration and drainage.

2. Harrowing and Levelling

• Break soil clumps and level the land to improve water distribution.

3. Soil Testing

• Conduct a soil test to determine pH and nutrient levels.
• Apply lime if soil is too acidic.

Starting with Seedlings: Nursery or Direct Planting?

For tomato farming in Kenya, starting with a nursery is the most recommended approach.

Nursery Establishment:

• Use a raised seedbed (1m wide, length varies).
• Mix soil with well-decomposed manure and sand.
• Sow seeds in rows and cover lightly with soil.
• Water gently and shade using banana leaves or grass.
• Germination occurs within 5–10 days.

Transplanting:

• Transplant after 21–28 days when seedlings are 4–6 inches tall.
• Harden seedlings by reducing watering 7 days before transplanting.
• Space plants 60cm apart in rows 75–100cm apart.

Fertilizer and Manure Application

Balanced nutrition is key for productive tomato farming in Kenya.

At Planting:

• Apply well-rotted manure (1–2 tons per acre).
• Use DAP fertilizer: 100kg/acre at planting.

Top Dressing:

• CAN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate) or Urea: 50kg/acre after 3 weeks.
• NPK 17:17:17 during flowering and fruiting stage for better fruit development.

Note: Use fertigation in greenhouses or under drip irrigation for better results.

Irrigation in Tomato Farming

Tomatoes need consistent watering to thrive. Irregular watering causes blossom end rot and fruit cracking.

Irrigation Methods:

• Drip Irrigation: Most efficient; conserves water and reduces disease.
• Furrow Irrigation: Common in open fields.
• Overhead Sprinklers: Can cause leaf diseases; not recommended for mature crops.

Frequency:

• Water 2–3 times per week depending on weather and soil moisture.
• Avoid waterlogging.

Tomato Pest and Disease Management

Pest and disease control is crucial in tomato farming in Kenya. Here are the main threats:

Common Pests:

• Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta): Devastating if not controlled early.
• Whiteflies: Transmit viral diseases.
• Aphids: Suck sap and spread viruses.
• Cutworms: Cut young seedlings at ground level.

Control Measures:

• Use pheromone traps for Tuta absoluta.
• Apply insecticides like Belt, Match, or Thunder appropriately.
• Use neem-based organic sprays as preventive measures.

Common Diseases:

• Early and Late Blight
• Bacterial Wilt
• Powdery Mildew
• Fusarium Wilt

Disease Control:

• Practice crop rotation.
• Use resistant varieties like Anna F1.
• Spray fungicides (e.g., Ridomil Gold, Dithane M45).
• Avoid overhead watering.

Pruning and Staking

Staking helps reduce fruit rotting and improves air circulation.

• Use sticks or wires to support plants.
• Prune side shoots (suckers) weekly.
• Remove lower leaves that touch the soil.

Tomato Harvesting

Tomatoes mature 75–90 days after transplanting depending on the variety.

Harvesting Tips:

• Pick when fruits are firm and red (or as per market demand).
• Handle with care to avoid bruising.
• Harvest every 2–3 days during peak production.

Post-Harvest Handling

Good post-harvest practices reduce losses and maintain fruit quality.

• Grade fruits by size and ripeness.
• Use clean plastic crates for transportation.
• Store in a cool, shaded area before selling.

Marketing Your Tomatoes

Marketing is a key factor in successful tomato farming in Kenya.

Where to Sell:

• Local markets and kiosks
• Supermarkets and groceries
• Hotels and restaurants
• Processors for sauce/paste
• Exporters

Marketing Tips:

• Time your planting for off-season prices.
• Contract with buyers beforehand.
• Sell through cooperative societies to access better prices.
• Consider value addition through tomato drying, juicing, or processing.

Cost of Tomato Farming in Kenya Per Acre

Here is an estimated breakdown of costs and returns for open field tomato farming:

Expected Returns:

• Yield per acre (10,000–15,000 kg)
• Average farm gate price: KES 40 per kg
• Total Income: KES 400,000 – 600,000
• Net Profit: KES 280,000 – 480,000

Note: Greenhouse tomato farming in Kenya may have higher setup costs but even better returns due to controlled environment and year-round production.

Challenges in Tomato Farming in Kenya

Despite its profitability, tomato farming in Kenya faces several challenges:

• Pest and Disease Pressure: Tuta absoluta can wipe out crops if not managed.
• Price Fluctuations: Oversupply during peak season can crash prices.
• Post-Harvest Losses: Due to poor handling and perishability.
• High Input Costs: Quality seeds, fertilizers, and chemicals are expensive.

Tips for Successful Tomato Farming in Kenya

1. Start Small and Scale Up: Learn the process before expanding.
2. Invest in Knowledge: Attend training or consult agronomists.
3. Irrigate Efficiently: Use drip systems to optimize water usage.
4. Use Certified Seeds: Avoid low-quality varieties.
5. Scout Regularly: Monitor for early signs of pests and diseases.
6. Plan for the Market: Don’t grow without knowing where to sell.
7. Practice Good Hygiene: Clean tools and avoid farm-to-farm contamination.

Conclusion

Tomato farming in Kenya is a viable and profitable venture when done with the right knowledge and practices. From selecting the best varieties and preparing your land, to managing pests and harvesting for the market, every step matters.

Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced farmer looking to increase profits, this guide on tomato farming in Kenya provides a solid foundation to help you succeed. Start with the basics, seek expert advice, and stay updated on market trends to grow tomatoes that not only feed the nation but also boost your income.